塔里木盆地西部岩盐的地球化学特征及钾盐远景区预测研...
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塔里木盆地西部岩盐的地球化学特征及钾盐远景区预测研究
The research on geochemical characteristics and potass forecast of halite in
Western Tarim Basin
作者姓名:马万栋 导师姓名:马海州 导师职称:研究员
摘要:我国是一个农业大国,每年钾肥的需求量数百万吨,而产量又很有限,绝大部分
钾肥多年来一直靠进口,为解决我国钾肥多年来长期依赖进口的被动局面,因此,大力开展<br>钾盐普查找矿工作是摆在我国许多地质工作者面前的一大难题.钾盐矿床的形成条件较为苛
刻,需要丰富的物质来源,封闭的地质构造条件及持续干旱的气候条件等.世界已发现的大
型钾盐矿床主要赋存于寒武系,泥盆系,三叠系和第三系地层以及第四系古盐湖或现代盐湖
中.从已有的资料来看欧亚大陆是第三纪大型钾盐矿床的主要分布地区,具有广阔的找钾前
景,而新疆塔里木盆地第三纪地层盐类矿物广泛发育,具备形成钾盐矿床的条件.
在塔里木盆地的地质发展史上,尤其是在白垩纪和第三纪,曾经经历了多次古特提斯海
的海进和海退,带来了大量的成盐物质,再加上后期塔里木盆地持续干旱的气候条件和适宜
的岩相古地理条件,使得塔里木盆地沉积了一套厚层的石盐岩,膏泥岩,碳酸盐岩以及泥质
岩等.通过野外实地考察取样,采集岩盐及卤水样品共300多件,用于实验分析的共142
件,其中卤水43件,岩盐99件.对于这些卤水及岩盐的实验分析项目包括:K+,Na+,Ca2+,
Mg2+,Cl-,SO4
2-,CO3
2-,HCO3
-,Br-,B3+等项目.
通过对塔里木盆地西部岩盐和卤水的地球化学分析,讨论了寻找钾盐的直接指标K+含
量和各种地球化学特征系数值的变化,探讨了塔里木盆地的成盐模式,卤水及岩盐的浓缩阶
段和成钾可能性,得出了塔里木盆地的钾盐远景区.
从塔里木盆地西部卤水和岩盐的地球化学参数综合分析得出:钾盐矿床的远景区分别是
喀什凹陷和阳霞凹陷;依据溴和硼的含量以及各种特征系数值与正常卤水浓缩的特征系数值
比较,可知塔里木盆地是溴和硼等微量元素含量较少的地区,不能完全依靠这些特征系数来
判断塔里木盆地的卤水浓缩程度和钾盐资源状况,同时也说明了塔里木盆地是一个成盐环境
相对比较复杂的地区,它不是单纯的海相或陆相成盐理论,而是海相和陆相相互作用的结果.
关键词:塔里木盆地西部; 钾盐; 地球化学特征系数; 钾盐远景区
Abstract:Our country is a large agricultural country. The potass amount of demand reaches
millions of tons, but its output is very little. And we have to import a mass of our potash from
foreign countries every year. So it is an urgent task for geological workers to find potash deposits
so as to solve the problem of depending on input. The conditions of potass forming are very strict:
plenty of sources of matter, closed geological conformation and the climate of continuous drought
and so on. The large-scale potash deposits that have been found in the world lie mainly in the
Cambrian Stratigraphy, Devonian Tertiary, Triassic Stratigraphy, Tertiary Stratigraphy System, the
ancient salt lakes of Quaternary period and also in modern salt lakes. The Eurasia is the mainly
distributions of the Tertiary potass deposit from the collected datum, and there is a wide
perspective of potass. Salty mineral of the Tertiary Stratigraphy System has extensively developed
in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, and the conditions of forming potass have formed.
In the geological evolution of Tarim Basin, many transgressions and relictions of the ancient Teris
happened, especially in the Cretaceous period and the tertiary, and there have been plenty of
sources of salt. What's more, because of uttermost drought and proper sedimentary facieses and
paleogeography, many salt, gypsum, carbonate and mud-salt have been deposited. By our
fieldwork, above 300 samples have been collected including brine and solid. Among these
samples, 43 brine samples and 99 solid halite samples have been analyzed. The item of analysis
includes K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,SO4
2-,CO3
2-,HCO3
-,Br-,B3+ and so on.
This paper has discussed the variety of the content of K+ and the Characteristics coefficients of
geochemistry, the model of salt forming, the concentration stage of brine and halite and the
possibility of potass forming by geochemical analysis of the halite and the brine from Tarim Basin.
In the end, it puts forward to the potass perspective.
From the geochemical parameters of brine and halite in Western Tarim Basin, we could
conclude that the perspective of potass is Kashi Sag and Yangxia Sag. By comparing
the content of microelement and the geochemical parameters of brine and halite with
of normal condensed brine, we know that there is little microelements such as Br
and B in Tarim Basin, so we couldn't completely depend on these indexes to judge
the condensed stage of brine and halite and the things of potass resource, and this
point indicated that Tarim Basin is the intricate area of salt forming and it is
the alternative result of sea and land.
Key words: Western Tarim Basin; Potass; Characteristics coefficients of geochemistry; Potass
perspective;
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