价值八百万--柯林顿的演讲(中英对照)

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价值八百万--柯林顿的演讲(中英对照)


「拥抱人类共通价值:共创二十一世纪的安定与繁荣」
美国前总统柯林顿访台演讲文稿 2005年2月27日

非常感谢!非常感谢主持人对我的介绍,以及现场各位热情的欢迎.
主席,各位贵宾,各位先生女士,我非常高兴可以再度回到此地.在
1979年到1988年间,当我还是个年轻的州长时,我曾四度拜访台湾.
此后我一直关注这个宝岛的变化,关注你们惊人的经济成长及政治发
展,也对你们民主的发展深感欣赏及敬佩.

台湾民主基金会的成立是为了推展民主,不仅限於台湾内部,也广及
世界各地.这是一项重要的工作,也是我在总统任期的最后几年中极
力推动的志业.如果可以,今晚我希望将台湾民主的发展,放到整个
21世纪世 界局势的脉络中来分析,并且提出一些建议,让贵基金会能
够超越国界,达成推展民主的使命.

众所皆知,我们在90年代目睹了经济全球化的惊人成长.我们越来越
仰赖国际贸易及投资,在资讯科技产业上也有惊人的发展.人类开始
在科学与技术上进行前所未有的合作.由於惊人且前所未有的国际科
学合作的成果,在我总统任期的最后一年中,我得以宣布人类基因定
序的成功.此外,人类也经由国际合作,在天空中设置了一个太空站.

我还可以举出许多其他例子,来说明人类的成就.但有两件发生在90
年代的大事,通常受到媒体的忽略,却对民主发展特别地重要.第
一,在九O年代期间,半数的全球人口,得以经由自由选举,产生他
们的政府,这是我们人类历史上首次出现的现象.第二,经由现在所
通称的NGO(非政府组织)的发展,世界各地公民社会急遽地扩张.不
论是在富裕国家或贫困国家,社团组织提供了人们一个机会,使他们
做为自由的人,能够集结人民力量,来改善他们所关切的特定人们的
生活.

我相信,二十一世纪可以以一个字眼来做最好的概括;但这个字不是
「全球化」(globalization),因为「全球化」对大多数人而言仅
止於经济之涵义.我相信更好的字眼是「互赖」
(interdependence).因为「互赖」可以是正面的,也可以是负面
的;甚至也可以同时具有正面和负面的双重意涵.简单地说,就是我
们不能脱离彼此而生活.在2001年9月11日,美国遭受到一个震撼性
的负面「互赖」,当「基地」(Al Qaeda)恐怖份子利用全球互赖所
提供的国界开放,和旅游,移民,取得资讯及高科技等的便利,杀害
了三千名来自七十个国家的美国居民,其中两百名丧生者也是回教徒.

然而,在911的余波中,我也看见了正面的全球互赖.我与我太太希
拉蕊柯林顿,现任的纽约州参议员,一齐拜访曼哈顿地区的一所小
学.那里的孩子们因为这次恐怖攻击,而被迫离开他们原有的教室.
这所学校总计有600名孩童,来自80个不同种族在此就学,他们之中
许多人有亲人罹难.当我在人群行列中,试图去安慰那些失去亲人的
人时,我见到一名足足高了我一个头的高大男人,他的眼里含著泪
光.当我询问他是否也失去了他的亲人时,他回答说没有,他只是来
到这里表达他的哀恸.而我永远不会忘记他所说的话-- 他说,「我
是个埃及人,是个回教徒,也是个美国人.我害怕我的美国同胞们会
因为其他人所做的事情而不再相信我.我比你们更加地憎恨恐怖份子.」

他是一个正面国际互赖的例子.在我的总统任内,我们目睹了中东七
年的和平进展,然而之后的四年,取代的则是分崩离析的冲突景象.
四年的冲突中,被恐怖份子所杀害的以色列人之数目,超过了我八年
总统任期内的四倍之多.但在冲突激烈的几年内,以色列及巴勒斯坦
人的互赖并没有比和平时为低.只不过二者从正面的互赖,转变成负
面的互赖.如您所想像,尽管我已经不再身为总统,我依然密切关注
著中国与台湾及其双边关系的发展.数周前的英国经济学人杂志,有
一篇令人惊异的文章,指出了两岸间经济往来爆炸性的增加,也提到
目前在中国大陆有超过千万的中国人民,在台湾人所经营的公司上
班.我也注意到最近两岸间有直航客机的往来.因此我观察到,在政
治差异的面向上,台海两岸有持续性的负面紧张,而在经济与个人面
向上,则有正面的接触.

这一切告诉了我们什麼 答案是,在这个世界上,我们无法脱离其他
人而生存.中国与台湾,以色列人及巴勒斯坦人,北爱尔兰的天主教
徒及新教徒,科索沃及波士尼亚的不同族群,斯里兰卡的塔米尔族及
佛教徒,泰国的伊斯兰教徒和印尼亚齐省的分离份子,他们与两国的
主要政府的关系.所有我们所目睹的这些在国际间发生的事情,不论
是正面或负面,都在在提醒我们:我们无法离开他人而存在.因此我
相信,21世纪的重大挑战在於,从一个互赖但不稳定的世界,进展到
一个我们能共同分享的更紧密结合的全球社群.我们分享责任,利
益,也共享基本价值观.每个人都是重要的,也都拥有机会.每个人
在社会中都须扮演一个负责任的角色.竞争是好的,但经由合作我们
可以做得更好.我们之间的差异是重要的,那会使我们的生活更有
趣;然而差异绝对不比人类价值的共同性更为重要.

我们该如何从一个互赖的世界(interdependent world),进展到一
个更为整合的世界(integrated world) 我提出五项建议.首先,
我们必须抵抗那些与整合社会为敌的人,我们必须减少恐怖主义,战
争,以及大规模毁灭武器(WMD)的威胁.第二,我们应该藉由将全
球化的利益带给地球上另一半尚未因全球化而受益的人们,在世界上
建立更多的夥伴而非更多的敌人.

当我今晚在台北街道上,驱车前往演讲会场的途中,我回想著超过25
年前我初次来访的那些经验,想著这个城市是如何地改变,想著台湾
为数不多的人口,却创造了高达三千亿的外汇存底,以及足以支撑世
界经济的公司,以及充满活力的政治,教育,及经济体制.这几乎让
人难以联想,此时全世界有超过一半的人民,每天的生活支出不到两
块美金;有上亿人民今晚入睡时是饿著肚子的;地球上有四分之一的
人民没有乾净的水源,四分之一的人民在今年将死於各种天然及人为
的灾害,他们会死於爱滋病,肺结核,疟疾,以及痢疾所引起的感
染.这些人大部分都是儿童,而他们终其一生从未喝过一杯乾净的
水.数以千万的孩童每年死於完全可以避免的儿童疾病.更有一亿三
千万的孩子从未上过学.

我们必须将他们带到这个体系内,这个对你们,对整个亚洲,对美国
有如此助益的体系.有许多是我们可以做的.我们知道将全世界的孩
童送进学校并不会花费太多钱,而那也可以使他们在未来不需要从事
他们的父母辈所曾经从事的苦力工作.我们知道我们可以在对抗全球
暖化的同时加速许多贫穷国家的经济发展,我们可以发展出一套奠基
於太阳能,风力,能源保存技术,及其他我们目前已知能源选择的全
新能源经济.有高达一兆的乾净能源及能源保存技术的市场等待开
发,这将可以使那些极度贫穷的国家,在经济上的发展更为快速.

第三件我们该做的事情,是在各个层级建立分享及合作的机构.全球
性的国际机构,如联合国,世界银行,以及国际货币基金(IMF )
等,可以透过如欧洲联盟(EU),亚太经济合作会(APEC),东南亚
国协(ASEAN)或其他正在全球形成的区域性组织,将其力量用来支
持区域的合作;也可经由帮助新兴民主国家不只进行诚实的选举,且
要有诚实且具有治理能力的政府,来支持国家间的合作.以下是我认
为台湾民主基金会可以有重大贡献的地方.

至今我已花了许多时间关注前苏维埃联邦的共和国,我将至其中两个
国家推展我的第八个计画.还有加勒比海国家,他们在地理上就在美
国的后门,但相对上仍非常贫穷,也有严重的爱滋病问题.我常前往
拉丁美洲,那里的每人国民所得惊人地低.我也关注非洲,那里大部
分的国家有严重的爱滋病问题,且他们每天的平均收入不到一块美金.

在这些我前往的国家里,总是会有一个赢得了公平选举的民选总统.
但常常发生的情况是,这些赢得公平选举的总统,可以坐在办公室里
发号施令,却没有任何事情会真的实现.经常会有刚刚通过改选的国
会,通过了新的法律但却没有任何事情实现.因为他们缺乏有组织的
机构来贯彻这些法律及总统与首相的命令.他们的行政体系没有制度
性的能力,来把那些表现在选举中的人类自由的益处,转化到那些投
下选票的人民身上.这是其中一个在21世纪被严重忽略的问题,因此
我决定在我未来的人生中,花大量的时间来努力思考如何解决这个问
题.这个问题从未成为头条新闻,它也不如解决如何通过透明立法,
财产权法案,或为某个部门建立行政组织来得有趣,但除非你拥有一
个能运作的政府,否则人民会对民主失去信心.

我隶属一个由国家前首领及现任首领所共同组成的「马德里社」
(Club of Madrid),几年前,我们举办一个会议时,当时并不确定
有多少人会参加,基本上,这个会议是有关建立民主政府的效率.这
并不是一个煽动性的题目,也不是一个争议性的题目,我们被一大群
新兴民主国家的政府领导人包围,他们诚挚地向我们表示仍有人经历
过长期迫害,所以这些人渴望能有选举,然而他们无法做到什麼,因
为他们没有这种机制来推展公共利益之议题.所以这是一件我认为贵
基金会或许应该重视的事情,因为你们的组织所拥有的实践力是令人
称道的.

最后,我想我们必须强化全球非政府组织运动的力量.主持人提到我
现在从事海啸灾区的工作,一件有关我的工作之最有趣的事是我必须
统筹所有由灾区政府,国际组织,国家援助机构如美国国际发展援助
总署(USAID),以及数以百计来自全球的非政府组织等机构,所正
在进行的救援工作.当然,有这麼多的机构在从事救援,是一件好
事.我们必须减低国际互赖所带来的威胁,让这个世界有更多夥伴,
更少敌人,增加各机构彼此之间的合作.

第四件我们需要做的事是,寻找合作的具体方法.在刚刚对我的介绍
中,主持人提到我曾经提醒大家,我希望看到一个能够处理中国及台
湾之间歧异的和平解决方案,一个台湾海峡两岸人民都能够同意的方
案.每当一个新的工厂开张,一项新的投资开始,一个人得到新的工
作,这些以往没有工作,或自己不曾开业的人,他们的人生就迸发出
一些新的希望.当人们有希望的时候,你就离和平解决方案越来越
近,而离武力冲突越来越远.

我在从事海啸救灾想做的事情之一,是让人们持续以正面的态度从事
其工作.在灾情最严重的印尼苏门达腊北部,已经埋葬了十万名受害
者,同时还有十四万名的失踪人口.这些地区曾经有过惨烈的分离主
义运动.在此次亚奇省首府和所有这些渔村的惨重灾情后,我去一个
曾经有六千五百名居民的渔村,现在只剩下一千名生还者.经历这次
的灾难后,人们将他们的政治歧见搁置一边,开始著手重建家园.印
尼总统设立了一个包括要求独立的反对人士的委员会,一起决定重建
的需要花费,一起决定重建事项的优先顺序.他们有一个共同的向
往,有一些建设性的工作要做.我相信如果我们能这样的合作程序,
在重建工作所需要的未来三至五年里持续运作,将来政府与分离主义
人士可能会找出一个能够解决过去政治歧见的方案.

类似的事情,也发生在印度沿海的斯里兰卡岛.斯里兰卡的首府可伦
坡,大致上是在岛的西南部.海啸的灾难最主要开始於南部一个称为
迦尔的地方,我们许多人透过电视画面,目睹一整列载满人的火车被
海浪扫进海里又掷回陆地上,少数的生还者,爬出列车车厢的破口并
抓住建筑物屋顶才幸免於难.灾害沿著斯里兰卡东部的海岸直到北部
区域.在斯里兰卡的北边,大约百分之二十的区域是由印度塔米尔族
所控制,而塔米尔族与斯里兰卡之间,曾有极为严重的对立.数以千
计的人民在内战中丧生.他们已有三年的停火,杀戮也渐渐地减少,
但过去几年间没有真正严肃的对谈展开.然而现在他们携手合作重建
这个区域,他们一同作出决定:关於如何使用援助的金额,援助品该
如何处理,什麼该做以及做的顺序如何 如果我们可以使他们在未来
三年,甚至更长的时间里,都持续这样合作下去,那麼该区域的重建
必然可以完成,甚至他们可以找到对於长期对立的解决之道.

在中东地区,我们有对於和平的新希望.以色列选出了一个联合政
府,巴勒斯坦区域也展开了新的选举;但比起十二年前我开始处理以
巴问题时,现在巴勒斯坦的人口更多,更贫穷,问题更多,人口也更
年轻化.这些年轻人需要一些事情可做,当他们处理政治议题时也需
要处理跟以色列人的关系.布希总统已向国会提出三亿五千万的援助
提案,但我认为大概十亿元左右会是一个好的第一步,毕竟那并不是
很大的一笔钱.我们可以重新建立巴勒斯坦的经济,使之达到其领土
被封锁而无法进入以色列谋生之前的水准.

相对地,美国已经在伊拉克投入两千亿美元,因此只要花百分之一的
经费,我们所推动的各项计画就更有可能成功,因为人们就可以从事
许多正面的事物,这些事物都是在座各位已经享有的,包括稳定的工
作,创业机会,投资等.巴勒斯坦人失去得太多太多了,但是身居海
外的巴勒斯坦人处境并非和留在祖国境内的一样楚楚可怜,他们控制
了智利的花卉贸易,而且是厄瓜多个人所得最高的族群,甚至在我还
在白宫时,还有一位巴勒斯坦人担任总统,而美国境内的巴勒斯坦人
也相当多,他们要不是百万富翁就是大学教授,只有留在巴勒斯坦境
内的巴勒斯坦人才面临到贫穷,如果这些巴勒斯坦人也都有机会接触
到以上这些正面的事物,他们的生活将会大有不同,诚如我之前提到
的,我参与的海啸赈灾就是从事这方面的工作.

最后一点.人类自从五千万至一亿年前於非洲大陆崛起以来,整个发
展的历史都在决定,到底应该为共通的人类价值而努力,抑或为歧
见,差异而浴血奋战.原始的人类刚离开山洞,形成各自的家族,进
而彼此接触时,到底会彼此争斗还是合作呢 一般来说,他们除非找
到合作的基础,要不然就是不断地交战.人类的历史不断展开层面更
宽广的合作,但是也制造出愈来愈危险的武器.在二十世纪,人类进
行前所未见的合作,也拥有前所未见的屠杀工具.二十世纪发生两次
世界大战,也使用了原子弹.在许多国家境内还发生种族屠杀.虽然
人类在二十世纪比以前更了解合作所能带来的利益,但也仅是侥幸的
逃过灭种的命运.

现在,尽管面临恐怖威胁,尽管面对大规模毁灭性武器,整体而言,
我们的世界比以前更美好.冷战己经结束.没有任何国家认为某个国
家会以核武攻击另一个国家,并发动足以造成毁灭世界的战争.这是
人类有史以来第一次,我们能运用智慧去打造一个整合社群的全球体
系(a global system of integrated communities).我们不假装
人和人之间没有相异之处.如果我们假装每个人都是一样的,所有的
进步都将停滞,因为再也不需要辩论.民主政体之所以是生存力最强
的政体,就是因为民主鼓励辩论.身处政府体系中的我们不见得喜欢
辩论.尤其如果我们辩输了,就更不喜欢辩论.辩论时,我赢过也输
过.我喜欢赢的滋味远胜过输的感受.但我非常相信,辩论可以让我
们更接近真理,更接近解决问题的方案或向前进步的较好方法.我们
现在就拥有这样的机会,所以我相信我们应该要把握这个机会.

但是,在我们相信民主的同时,也必须相信虽然我们的相异之处非常
重要,我们共通的人性价值更为重要.然而,要人们达成这个认知,
是非常非常困难的.现代印度之父甘地,在七十八岁时遭到谋杀.谋
杀他的人不是争取喀什米尔自印度独立的回教徒,而是他的印度教
徒.谋杀他的印度教徒认为甘地不是一个好的印度教徒,因为甘地希
望缔造一个融合了回教,锡克教,耆那教,犹太教,基督教及各个宗
教的印度.我总统任内最黑暗的一天,就是我的挚友拉宾总理遭刺杀
的那天.这位前以色列总理终身为以色列奉献,刺杀他的不是巴勒斯
坦恐怖份子,而是一位年轻的犹太人,该名刺客认为拉宾既对不起以
色列也对不起犹太教,因为拉宾希望巴勒斯坦可以重建祖国,在和
平,安定,繁荣的环境下,养育下一代并和以色列合作.但这麼一
来,以免列人就必须放弃约旦河西岸并在未来让出部份土地.我另外
一位好友,黎巴嫩前总理哈里里,几天前於贝鲁特的炸弹攻击中丧
生,让人联想起七十年代可怕的内战.才不过一个礼拜前,我们畅谈
了一个半小时,提到了他的梦想,希望为黎巴嫩及中东带来和平.杀
害他的并不是以色列人,而是阿拉伯人.这群人要的是分裂,对抗,
死亡及破坏.

当然,知易行难.不过,我相当确信一点,这一点在台湾身上可以获
得佐证:人民可以从事的正面事务愈多,起床时有愈多值得期待的事
物,他们就愈不可能进行破坏,而且更有可能带著自己的族群,国
家,甚至全世界,创造更美好的明天.我在此重申,我非常高兴再度
拜访台湾,在此恭贺台湾民主基金会的所有成就,也希望透过基金会
的努力,各位也能够协助其他国家追求自由及民主.这些国家虽然热
爱民主及自由,但却没有各位所享有的繁荣经济以及完善的制度可以
圆梦.台湾要帮助他们,因为我们必须要维护共通的人性价值,才能
够从目前仅止於「互赖」的全球体系,迈向一个真正的全球社群.

谢谢大家.

Embracing Our Common Humanity:
> >
> > Security and Prosperity in the 21st Century
> >
> > H.E. William Jefferson Clinton
> >
> > February 27, 2005, Taipei
> >
> > Thank you very much. Thanks for the introduction. Thank you
> > for the warm welcome.
> >
> > Mr. Chairman, dignitaries, ladies and gentlemen.
> >
> > I'm glad to be back here. When I was a young governor, I
> > came to Taiwan for four times between 1979 and 1988. I
> > watched all the changes on this island. I watched your
> > remarkable economic growth and your political growth. And I
> > have watched the development of your democracy with great
> > appreciation and admiration.
> >
> > This foundation was formed to support and promote democracy,
> > not only in Taiwan, but also around the world. That is
> > important work, work that I try to advance in the late years
> > I served as president. If I might, tonight I would like to
> > put the growth of democracy within Taiwan in the larger
> > context of what is going on in the 21st century world and
> > suggest some things that I think this Foundation could do
> > beyond your borders to fulfil its mission.
> >
> > In the 1990s, everyone knows we saw a remarkable growth in
> > the globalization of the economy. We became more dependent
> > on international trade and investment. There was an
> > explosion in information technology. We began to cooperate
> > in other ways, in unprecedented ways, in science and
> > technology. In my last years of presidency, I was able to
> > announce the sequencing of human genome, a project that
> > succeeded because of amazing and unprecedented international
> > scientific cooperation. We put a space station into the
> > skies through international cooperation.
> >
> > I can give many other examples but there were two other
> > things that happened in the 1990s, particularly important to
> > democracy which were often not noted in the press. First of
> > all, in the decade of the 1990s, for the first time in all
> > our human history, more than half of the people in this
> > world were governed by those who they had voted for in free
> > elections. And secondly, there was an explosion of civil
> > society across the globe through non-governmental
> > organizations now known everywhere as simply NGOs.
> > Organizations which give people in rich countries poor
> > countries alike a chance to pool their efforts as free
> > people to change the lives of those within their concerns.
> >
> > The 21st century, I believe, can be best summed up in a
> > word, that is not globalization, because globalization has
> > for most people been an economic meaning. I believe a better
> > word is interdependence. For interdependence can be good or
> > bad; or it can be good and bad. It simply means we can not
> > escape each other. On September 11th 2001, the United States
> > got a big shock of negative interdependence when the Al
> > Qaeda terrorists killed three thousand people from 70
> > countries in the United States by using the forces of global
> > interdependence open borders, easy travel, easy immigration,
> > easy access to information and technology. Two hundred of
> > those who died were also Muslims.
> >
> > In the aftermath of the 9-11, I saw the forces of positive
> > interdependence. My wife, who is now a US senator of New
> > York, and I visited an elementary school in Manhattan where
> > children have been forced out of their buildings by the
> > damage of planes. There were 600 children there from over 80
> > different ethnic groups in one school. When I stood in line
> > trying to console the family members of those who have been
> > killed, I saw a man, a very large man about a head taller
> > than me, with tears in his eyes, and I asked him if he has
> > lost a family member. He said no. He had only come to offer
> > his grief. I would never forget what he said. He said, "I'm
> > an Egyptian and I'm a Muslim and I'm an American. And I'm
> > afraid my fellow Americans will not trust me anymore because
> > of what other people did. I hate them, more than you do."
> >
> > He was an example of positive interdependence. In the Middle
> > East, I have watched, when I was a president, as we had
> > seven years of progress for peace. Then I watched four years
> > of disintegration. In the four years of conflict, more than
> > four times as many Israelis were killed by terrorists in the
> > entire eight years I was president. But in the bad years,
> > the Israelis and Palestinians were no less interdependent
> > than they were in the good years. It just shifted from
> > positive interdependence to negative interdependence. As you
> > might imagine, even though I'm not president any more, I
> > watched the events in China and in Taiwan and the
> > relationship between the two very closely. There was an
> > amazing article in the British magazine, the Economist, a
> > couple of weeks ago pointing out the explosively increasing
> > economic ties between the two, saying that more than ten
> > million people on mainland China now work for companies
> > owned by Taiwanese people. I noted that there have been some
> > direct air flights recently. So I see continuing negative
> > tension over political differences and positive economic and
> > personal contact.
> >
> > What does all this tell us about the world we are living in
> > We can not escape each other. China and Taiwan, the Israelis
> > and Palestinians, the Catholics and Protestants in Northern
> > Ireland, the different ethnic groups in Bosnia, in Kosovo,
> > the Tamils and the Buddhists in Sri Lanka, the Muslims, the
> > Acheh separatists, and the main government in Thailand and
> > in Indonesia. All these things we are seeing, positive or
> > negative, going on in the world remind us we can not escape
> > each other. Therefore I believe that the great challenge of
> > the 21st century is to move from an interdependent but
> > unstable world to more integrated communities in which we
> > share. We share responsibilities. We share benefits and we
> > share basic values. Every person matters and there is a
> > chance. Every person has a responsible role to fill in this
> > society. Competition is good but we all do better when we
> > work together. Our differences are important. They make
> > life interesting and they matter but our common humanity
> > matters more.
> >
> > How can we move from an interdependent to an integrated
> > world I will suggest five things. First of all, we must
> > fight the enemies of integrated communities. We must reduce
> > terror and war and the threat of weapons of mass
> > destruction. Second, we must build the world with more
> > partners and fewer enemies by bringing the benefits of
> > globalization to the fifty percent of human beings on the
> > earth who have not received them.
> >
> > I was driving through the streets of Taipei on the way to
> > the speech tonight, thinking about the very first time that
> > I came here more than twenty-five years ago; thinking about
> > how the city had changed; thinking about how a small number
> > of people have built almost three hundred billion dollars in
> > cash reserves and companies that sustained the globe and a
> > vibrant, political and educational as well as economic
> > system. And it was almost impossible to remember that
> > tonight, half the world's people live on two dollars a day
> > or less. A billion people live on less than a dollar a day.
> > A billion people would go to bed hungry tonight. One in four
> > people have no access to clean water. One in 4 people who
> > die on earth all over the world this year from all causes
> > natural and manmade will die of Aids, TB, malaria and
> > infections related to diarrhea. Most of them are little
> > children who never got a clean glass of water. Ten million
> > children die every year of completely preventable childhood
> > diseases. 130 million children on earth never go to school a
> > single day.
> >
> > We must bring them into the system that has been so good for
> > you, for all of Asia, for the United States. There are lots
> > of things we can do. We know it wouldn't cost much money to
> > put all the children in the world in school and would have
> > the benefit of taking them out of the jobs that their
> > parents could then fill. We know we could speed economic
> > development of many poor nations if we also combat the
> > challenge of global warming and develop a whole new energy
> > economy based on solar energy, wind energy, energy
> > conservation technologies and other energy options that are
> > out there now. There is a one-trillion-dollar untapped
> > market in clean energy and energy conservation technologies
> > waiting to be born that would have the corollary benefits of
> > making it easier for very poor countries to develop
> > economically much more quickly.
> >
> > The third thing we have to do is to build institutions of
> > sharing and cooperation at every level. The strength in the
> > global ones like the United Nations, the World Bank, the
> > International Monetary Fund, is to support regional
> > cooperation through things like the European Union or APEC
> > or ASEAN or any number of other regional groups that are
> > forming around the world, and to support national
> > cooperation by helping the new democracies, not simply to
> > have honest elections but to have honest governments that
> > are also capable governments, and here is what I think your
> > foundation could make a big difference.
> >
> > I spent a lot of time to date working in the former Soviet
> > Union. I'm going in the two countries with my eighth project
> > or the Caribbean, which is relatively poor, which has a big
> > Aids problem right on the America's backdoor. I go to Latin
> > America a lot where the per capita income is very
> > dramatically low, and I work in Africa where most of the
> > countries with big Aids problems also have income of less
> > than a dollar a day.
> >
> > In the places where I go, there is always an elected
> > president who won a fair election but very often these
> > presidents who won fair elections can sit in their offices
> > and issue orders and nothing happens. Very often newly
> > elected parliaments like you, Mr. Speaker, they pass laws
> > but nothing happens because they don't have the organized
> > institutions that carry out the laws are the executive
> > officers, orders of the President or the Prime Minister.
> > They do not have the institutional capacity to translate the
> > benefits of human freedom expressed in elections into the
> > lives of the people who are voted and this is one of the
> > most ignored problem in the twenty-first century world and
> > so I have decided to spend quite a bit of the rest of my
> > life, trying to figure out how to do this work. It never
> > grabs the headlines. It's not so interesting figuring out
> > how to pass transparent legislation or a property right
> > legislation or build the bureaucracy for this or that or the
> > other department. But unless you have a government that
> > functions, people lose faith in democracy.
> >
> > I belong to a group of former heads of government and heads
> > of state called the Club of Madrid. And a couple of years
> > ago, we had a meeting and we weren't sure many people would
> > come and basically it was about building the effectiveness
> > of democratic government. It wasn't an inflammatory topic.
> > It wasn't a controversial topic. We were mobbed by leaders
> > of governments of these new democracies who came to us
> > honestly saying that there were people who have lived under
> > repression for so long, so these people want an election and
> > they couldn't get anything done for them because they had no
> > institutional capacity to advance the public interest. So
> > it's something that I think maybe you should look at because
> > your powers of organization in delivery are legendary as you
> > know.
> >
> > Finally, I think we have to strengthen the strength of this
> > nongovernmental organization movement around the world. You
> > mentioned that I was working in Tsunami-affected areas. One
> > of the most interesting things about my new job is that I
> > have to coordinate all the work being done by the home
> > governments, the international organizations, the national
> > agencies that are helping like USAID and hundreds of NGOs,
> > literally hundreds of them from all over the world. But this
> > is a good thing. So we have to reduce the threats to
> > interdependence, make the world with more partners and fewer
> > enemies, increase institutional cooperation.
> >
> > The fourth thing that we need to do is to look for concrete
> > ways to cooperate. In your introduction to me, you mentioned
> > that I had reminded every one that I wanted a peaceful
> > resolution to the differences between China and Taiwan
> > agreed to by the people on both sides of the strait. Every
> > time a new factory opens, a new investment is made, a new
> > person gets a job, some new hope is bound in the life of
> > some person who didn't have a job or didn't own the business
> > before. You move closer to a peaceful resolution and further
> > from conflicts.
> >
> > One of the things I'm trying to do with Tsunami relief is to
> > keep people working in a positive way. In Indonesia and
> > northern Sumatra, which had the greatest loss of lives, a
> > staggering one hundred thousand people have been buried and
> > about one hundred and forty thousand are still missing. They
> > have had a violent separatist movement, but in the aftermath
> > of all this human loss and the devastation of the capital of
> > Acheh and the devastation of all these fishing villages, I
> > went to a village where six thousand and five hundred people
> > lived and only a thousand survived. In the aftermath of
> > this, people put their political differences aside to work
> > on rebuilding the communities, and the president of
> > Indonesia has set up a committee in which his adversaries,
> > the people who wanted to separate from the country, are part
> > of the committee. They are making decisions together about
> > how much would be spent, together about what would be done
> > first, second, and third. They have something to look
> > forward to, positive things to work on. I believe if we can
> > keep this going for the three to five years that it will
> > take to rebuild these areas, they may find a way to resolve
> > their differences.
> >
> > The same thing is true on the island of Sri Lanka, off the
> > coast of India; if those of you who know it, Colombo is
> > basically in the southwest part of Sri Lanka. The tsunami
> > damage mostly started in the southern part at a place called
> > Gal. Many of us saw on television a train, an entire train
> > loaded with people, swept away in the water and thrown up on
> > the land. The only survivors were people who crawled through
> > the top of the opening of a train car and clung to the roof
> > of a building. But the damage then goes on around the
> > eastern coast of Sri Lanka up to the northern part, and the
> > north of Sri Lanka, twenty percent or less is controlled by
> > the Hindu Tamils and they have had differences there that
> > were quite bitter. Thousands and thousands of people have
> > been killed in their civil strife. For three years they've
> > had the ceasefire and the killing is on the way down. But no
> > serious talks have taken place in the last couple of years.
> > Now they are working together to rebuild the area, making
> > decisions together. How would the money be spent How would
> > the aid be handled What would be done and in what order If
> > we can keep that going over the next three years or so that
> > it will take to rebuild the area perhaps they'll find a
> > long-term solution to their differences.
> >
> > In the Middle East, we have a new hope for peace. A
> > coalition government have been elected in Israel, new
> > elections have been held in the Palestinian territories, but
> > the Palestinians have grown larger and poorer, more numerous
> > and younger in the last twelve years since I began working
> > on this problem. They need something to do and something to
> > do with Israelis while they work through political issues.
> > President Bush has proposed to Congress to give them three
> > hundred and fifty million dollars in aid. I think it's a
> > good first step for approximately a billion dollars, which
> > is not a lot of money. We can restore Palestinian economic
> > growth to where it was before all the territories were
> > closed and Palestinians couldn't go into Israel to make a
> > living any more.
> >
> > The fourth thing that we need to do is to look for concrete
> > ways to cooperate. In your introduction to me, you mentioned
> > that I had reminded every one that I wanted a peaceful
> > resolution to the differences between China and Taiwan
> > agreed to by the people on both sides of the strait. Every
> > time a new factory opens, a new investment is made, a new
> > person gets a job, some new hope is bound in the life of
> > some person who didn't have a job or didn't own the business
> > before. You move closer to a peaceful resolution and further
> > from conflicts.
> >
> > One of the things I'm trying to do with Tsunami relief is to
> > keep people working in a positive way. In Indonesia and
> > northern Sumatra, which had the greatest loss of lives, a
> > staggering one hundred thousand people have been buried and
> > about one hundred and forty thousand are still missing. They
> > have had a violent separatist movement, but in the aftermath
> > of all this human loss and the devastation of the capital of
> > Acheh and the devastation of all these fishing villages, I
> > went to a village where six thousand and five hundred people
> > lived and only a thousand survived. In the aftermath of
> > this, people put their political differences aside to work
> > on rebuilding the communities, and the president of
> > Indonesia has set up a committee in which his adversaries,
> > the people who wanted to separate from the country, are part
> > of the committee. They are making decisions together about
> > how much would be spent, together about what would be done
> > first, second, and third. They have something to look
> > forward to, positive things to work on. I believe if we can
> > keep this going for the three to five years that it will
> > take to rebuild these areas, they may find a way to resolve
> > their differences.
> >
> > The same thing is true on the island of Sri Lanka, off the
> > coast of India; if those of you who know it, Colombo is
> > basically in the southwest part of Sri Lanka. The tsunami
> > damage mostly started in the southern part at a place called
> > Gal. Many of us saw on television a train, an entire train
> > loaded with people, swept away in the water and thrown up on
> > the land. The only survivors were people who crawled through
> > the top of the opening of a train car and clung to the roof
> > of a building. But the damage then goes on around the
> > eastern coast of Sri Lanka up to the northern part, and the
> > north of Sri Lanka, twenty percent or less is controlled by
> > the Hindu Tamils and they have had differences there that
> > were quite bitter. Thousands and thousands of people have
> > been killed in their civil strife. For three years they've
> > had the ceasefire and the killing is on the way down. But no
> > serious talks have taken place in the last couple of years.
> > Now they are working together to rebuild the area, making
> > decisions together. How would the money be spent How would
> > the aid be handled What would be done and in what order If
> > we can keep that going over the next three years or so that
> > it will take to rebuild the area perhaps they'll find a
> > long-term solution to their differences.
> >
> > In the Middle East, we have a new hope for peace. A
> > coalition government have been elected in Israel, new
> > elections have been held in the Palestinian territories, but
> > the Palestinians have grown larger and poorer, more numerous
> > and younger in the last twelve years since I began working
> > on this problem. They need something to do and something to
> > do with Israelis while they work through political issues.
> > President Bush has proposed to Congress to give them three
> > hundred and fifty million dollars in aid. I think it's a
> > good first step for approximately a billion dollars, which
> > is not a lot of money. We can restore Palestinian economic
> > growth to where it was before all the territories were
> > closed and Palestinians couldn't go into Israel to make a
> > living any more.
> >
> > By contrast, the United States has spent two hundred billion
> > dollars in Iraq. So for basically half or one percent of
> > that, we can dramatically increase the chances that the
> > peace initiatives would be successful by giving people
> > something positive to do, something you take for granted now
> > that people can have a job, start a business, make an
> > investment. All those things that have been taken from the
> > Palestinians, and yet there are no poor Palestinians
> > anywhere in the world outside their homeland. They control
> > the flower trade in Chile; they have the highest per capita
> > income in the country of Ecuador, which had a Palestinian
> > president in my time; and there are lots of Palestinians in
> > America. They are all either millionaires or college
> > professors; they are only poor in their homeland. It would
> > make a big difference if they had something positive to do.
> > As I said, that's what I'm going to be trying to do in
> > working for Tsunami relief.
> >
> > Let me make one last point. The entire history of humankind
> > since people first rose up on the African Savannah,
> > somewhere between one and one hundred and fifty million
> > years ago can be seen in part as a struggle to define life
> > in terms of our differences or our common humanity. When
> > families first came out of caves and formed clans, and then
> > came in contact with other clans, should they fight or
> > cooperate Usually, they fought until they found some bases
> > to cooperate on, and this pattern repeated itself all
> > through human history with wider and wider and wider circles
> > of cooperation, but also with more, and more and more
> > dangerous weapons until the twentieth century, when we had
> > unprecedented cooperation but unprecedented power to kill.
> > We have had two world wars and atomic bomb was dropped,
> > manslaughters in the largest countries of the world. We
> > narrowly escaped our own extinction in the twentieth century
> > even though we knew then far better than in past centuries
> > we had an interest in cooperating.
> >
> > Now in spite of the threat of terror, in spite of the threat
> > of weapons of mass destruction, on the whole the world is in
> > a better place. The cold war is over. No country expects one
> > country to drop a nuclear weapon on another and start a war
> > that will lead to the extinction of the planet, and for the
> > first time in all human history, we have the ability if we
> > can master the wisdom to build a global system of integrated
> > communities. We don't pretend we don't have differences. If
> > we did that, all progress would stop because there will be
> > no debate. The reason democracy has been the most enduring
> > form of government is that it fosters debate. Those of us
> > who are in it don't always like it especially when we lose.
> > I have won and lost. I like winning a lot better than
> > losing. But I'm quite sure that the debates move us closer> > to the
truth, to a just resolution of a problem or to a good
> > way of moving forward. Now we have that chance and I think
> > that's what we ought to do.
> >
> > But it requires those of us who believe in democracy also to
> > believe that while our differences are important, our common
> > humanity matters more and this is very, very hard to do.
> > Gandhi, father of modern India, was murdered in his 78th
> > year not by a muslim fighting for Kashmiri separation from
> > India. He was murdered by a fellow Hindu who thought Gandhi
> > was not a good Hindu because he wanted India for the
> > Muslims, and the Sikhs, and the Jains, and the Jews and the
> > Christians and everybody else. On perhaps the darkest
> > personal day of my presidency, my friend Yitzhak Rabin, the
> > prime minister of Israel, who had given his entire life
> > defending his native land, was murdered not by a Palestinian
> > terrorist but by a young Israeli Jew who thought he was
> > neither a good Israeli nor a good Jew because he wanted the
> > Palestinian to have the home land where they could raise
> > their children in peace and security and prosperity and
> > cooperation with Israel, but it required them to give up the
> > West Bank and share the land in the future. My friend, the
> > former prime minister of Lebanon, Mr. Hariri, was murdered a
> > few days ago in a horrible bombing in Beirut that brought
> > back the dark memories of the civil war of the seventies.
> > Only about a week to ten days ago, we spent an hour and a
> > half together talking about his dreams for Lebanon and for a
> > peaceful Middle East. He was not killed by an Israeli. He
> > was killed certainly by some group of his fellow Arabs who
> > preferred division and discord and death and destruction.
> >
> > So it is easy to say but hard to do. One thing I'm sure of
> > and the progress of Taiwan since I first came here so long
> > ago proves it: the more people have positive things to do,
> > the more they have something good to look forward to when
> > they get up in the morning; the less likely they are to fall
> > in destructive patterns and the more likely they are to lead
> > their communities, their nations, and the world to a better
> > place. So I say again I'm glad to be here. I congratulate
> > you on the work of your Foundation, and I hope through this
> > Foundation you'll find a way to help people in other
> > countries who love freedom and democracy, but don't have
> > your prosperity or organizational capacity to get it because
> > we have to preserve humanity gains until we can move from
> > interdependence to a truly global community.
> >
> > Thank you very much.
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